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This page contains a list of English words that have multiple meanings, and can be translated into Esperanto in multiple ways, depending on the meaning, and a few false friends, Esperanto words that look like English words that mean something else.
Use ĝusta when you mean exact, precise.
For example, Ĉiam uzu la ĝustan ilon = Always use the right tool.
Use justa when you mean just, fair, equitable.
For example, Li traktas sian hundon juste = He treats his dog right.
Use prava when you mean right in opinion or conduct, justified.
For example, Ĉiuj liaj respondoj estis pravaj = All his answers were right.
Use dekstra when you mean to the right side.
For example, Vidu dekstren kaj maldekstren kiam vi transiros la straton = Look right and left before you cross the street.
Use orta when you mean a ninety-degree angle.
For example, Pitagoro skribis pri ortajn triangulojn = Pythagoras wrote about right triangles.
Use rekta when you mean straight, direct.
For example, Nepre iru rekte hejmen = By all means, go right home.
Use rajto when you mean the right to do a thing.
For example, Ni havas la rajton de diri tion, kion ni volas diri = We have the right to say what we want.
Use pensi when you mean to think about something.
For example, Li pensis ofte pri sia familio = He thought about his family often.
Use kredi when you are expressing a belief.
For example, Mi kredas, ke estas pano en la ŝranko = I think there is bread in the cupboard = I believe there is bread in the cupboard.
Use opinii when you are expressing an opinion.
For example, Mi opinias, ke ŝi kantas bele = I think she sings beautifully = In my opinion, she sings beautifully.
Use por when you mean for the purpose of, or for the benefit of.
For example, Mi uzis krajonon por desegni tiun bildon por mia edzino = I used a pencil for drawing that picture for my wife = I used a pencil to draw that picture for my wife.
Use pro when you mean because of.
For example, Li ne povis vidi la arbaron pro la arboj = He couldn’t see the forest for the trees.
Use pri when you mean about, or concerning.
For example, Ili serĉis vane pri la oro = They searched in vain for the gold.
Use dum when you mean during.
For example, Ŝi studis dum tri horoj = She studied for three hours.
Use anstataŭ when you mean instead of.
For example, Ne uzu ŝraŭbilon anstataŭ martelon = Do not use a screwdriver for a hammer.
Use kontraŭ when you mean in exchange for. (Note: the literal meaning of kontraŭ is against.)
For example, Oni povas aĉeti tiun umilon kontraŭ €12,50 = You can buy that gizmo for $16.25.
Use ĉar when you mean because.
For example, Li falos, ĉar li ne glitkuras lerte = He will fall, for he does not skate well.
Use kiel when you mean as.
For example, La ĉinoj uzas brosojn kiel scribilojn = The Chinese use brushes for writing instruments.
Use ludo when you mean a set of rules.
For example, Miaj plej favorataj ludoj estas ŝako, damludo, kaj goo = My favorite games are chess, checkers, and go.
Use partio when you mean an individual match.
For example, Ĉu vi vidis la gravan partion hieraŭ matene? = Did you see the big game last night?
Use futbalo when you mean soccer.
For example, Ludi futbalon plaĉas la anglojn kaj skotojn = The English and Scottish like to play soccer.
Use piedpilko when you mean a national game vaguely similar to soccer. Generally, you put a nationality in front of the word to specify exactly which game you mean. The word literally means foot-ball.
If you say usona futbalo, you mean soccer as played in the USA.
Use suspektema when you mean tending to suspect others.
For example, Ŝi estas suspektema je ĉiuj stranguloj = She is suspicious of all strangers.
Use suspektinda when you mean worthy of suspicion.
For example, Estas suspektinda ulo en la korto = There’s a suspicious character in the yard.
Use poŝta stampo when you mean postmark.
For example, Laŭ la poŝta stampo, tiu ĉi letero venas de Volapukistano. = According to the postmark, this letter comes from Volapüistan.
Use poŝtmarko when you mean postage stamp.
For example, Mia onklo interesiĝas pri fremdaj poŝtmarkoj = My uncle is interested in foreign postage stamps.
What we have here is a symmetrical set of false friends.
Use arbaro when you mean a large group of trees. This word is from arbo = tree, and the suffix ar = a collection.
For example, Vini-la-puo vivas en la arbaro = Winnie-the-pooh lives in the forest.
The word foresto actually means absence. This word is from for = away, and the verb esti = to be, with an −o ending to make it a noun.
Use Usono when you mean The United States of America, or The USA.
This is an initialism, USN for La Uniĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Nordameriko, the full official name in Esperanto. The names of the Esperanto letters are U, So, No.
Use Ameriko only when you mean The Americas, or The New World, as it refers to the pair of continents, North and South America.
Questions or suggestions? Please write, and I’ll get back to you.
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